How to Play Pinochle Card Game – Pinochle Rules, Gameplay, Strategy, and Variations

Pinochle, also known as pinocle or penuchle, is one of the most popular trick-taking card games developed and played in the United States. The game was derived from another card game called Bezique, where players won tricks by melding cards and scoring points. This card game falls into the trick-and-meld category of card games, which unfolds in three stages: bidding, melding, and tricks. The standard variation played today is the partnership auction pinochle.

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If this game piques your interest, read on to learn a little history about the game and then understand the pinochle card game rules and gameplay. The next game night you have with friends or family, you will be able to boast your skills in the game of pinochle.

Also Read: Top Trick-Taking Card Games Worth Playing

History Of The Pinochle Card Game

The fun pinochle game originated about 150 years ago and is believed to have two origins. It either evolved from Bezique or may have originated in the Swiss and later became Binokel, a South German game descended from Bezique. The game was brought from Europe to the US in the 19th century.

The name means eyeglasses or two eyes and refers to a myth that the game was developed from a deck of cards in which the Jack of Diamonds and the Queen of Spades were portrayed, revealing only one eye each.

Pinochle Card Game Rules

Pinochle card game is a trick-taking game that involves the melding of cards.
The game is usually played between four players in two partnerships (partnership pinochle) or between three players playing individually (cutthroat pinochle).
It is played with a 48-card pack, with two sets of 9s through Aces.
A round includes six phases – dealing, bidding, exchanging, melding, trick-taking, and scoring.
The players score points in two phases of the game – the melding phase and the trick-taking phase.

How To Play Pinochle?

Here’s how to play pinochle easily:

Objective Of Pinochle Game

The game’s object is to win tricks by melding cards into combinations of high-scoring points to score the value of cards taken in on tricks.

Card Ranking & Values

A 48-card pinochle deck consists of cards from Ace (high), 10, K, Q, J, and 9 (low) of each suit with two of each card. Sometimes, the game also uses double pinochle decks of 64 cards that include 8s and 7s.

The value of cards melded during tricks is as follows:

Aces are worth 11 points each.
Tens are worth 10 points each.
Kings are worth 4 points each.
Queens are worth 3 points each.
Jacks are worth 2 points each.
The last Trick points is worth 10 points.
Nines (and 8s and 7s in a 64-card pack) have no point value.

Also Read: How to Play Spades with Jokers

Dealing

Before the game begins, a dealer is selected based on the highest-value card. Each player receives a card from a shuffled deck, and the player with the highest-value card becomes the dealer. The dealer shuffles the cards and deals 12 cards in sets of 3 to each player (4 players) in a clockwise direction.

Bidding

When every player has 12 cards in hand, the bidding round starts from the player at the dealer’s left, followed by other players in a clockwise direction. The players bid the number of points their team can make in that round, with the minimum bid being 20. Every player must bid higher than the previous bid or pass (10 or 20 points higher). The bid that is passed by every player becomes the contract for the game, and the player who made that bid decides the trump suit. The team that made the contract also trades three cards between each other before the game begins.

The Play

A non-dealer leads every trick, and the winner of that trick leads the next trick. If a player leads with a trump suit, the player wins the trick unless another player plays a higher-value trump card. If the player leads with a card of another suit, they win the trick if no other player plays a higher card of the same suit or a card from the trump suit.

Note: Following suit is not necessary within the game; therefore, the leader has the option to lead with any card, and the opponent can play any card.

After the trick ends, each player (starting with the winner) must draw a card from the top of the pile and have 12 cards in hand.

Melding

Each player melds the cards in hand for points. Pinochle has three classes of melds, and a card can be a part of more than one meld of different classes but only a single meld of a given class.

For instance, a Q♥ can be a card in a class 1 meld of ‘Hearts Marriage’ and a card in a class 3 meld of ‘Queens Around’ but can’t be a card in a class 1 meld of ‘Run’.

The players make melds by placing the cards face-up on the table, and the cards remain there until the player wishes to play or till the stock is exhausted.

Here are a few rules for melding:

A player can make only one meld in one turn.
One card must be used from the hand and placed on the table for every meld.
A melded card can be melded again, provided it is melded in a different class or in a higher-scoring same-class meld.

The points for all the melds are evaluated and added to the score of each team for that round.

Valid Melds

Class 1 Melds	Cards in Meld	Points
Run	10 to Ace, all 5 cards of the trump suit. Example: J♥Q♥K♥10♥A♥	150
Run + King	Run with one more King of trump suit. Example: J♥Q♥K♥K♥10♥A♥	190
Run + Queen	Run with one more Queen of trump suit. Example: J♥Q♥Q♥K♥10♥A♥	190
Run + Marriage	Run with royal marriage. Example: J♥Q♥Q♥K♥K♥10♥A♥	230
Double Run	Nine of trump suit. For example: 9♥ Two runs of the trump suit. Example: J♥J♥Q♥Q♥K♥K♥10♥10♥A♥A♥	1500
Dix	Nine of trump suit. For example: 9♥	10
Royal Marriage	King and Queen of the trump suit. Example: K♥Q♥	40
Common Marriage	King and Queen of non-trump suit. Example: K♠Q♠	20

Class 2 Melds	Cards in Meld	Points
Pinochle	Q♠J♦	40
Double Pinochle	Q♠Q♠J♦J♦	300

Class 3 Melds	Cards in Meld	Points
Aces Around	One ace of all suits A♥A♠A♦A♣	100
Aces Abound	All eight aces A♥A♥A♠A♠A♦A♦A♣A♣	1000
Kings Around	One king of all suits K♦K♠K♥K♣	80
Kings Abound	All eight kings K♥K♥K♠K♠K♦K♦K♣K♣	800
Queens Around	One queen of all suits Q♦Q♠Q♥Q♣	60
Queens Abound	All eight queens Q♥Q♥Q♠Q♠Q♦Q♦Q♣Q♣	600
Jacks Around	One jack of all suits J♦J♠J♥J♣	40
Jacks Abound	All eight jacks J♥J♥J♠J♠J♦J♦J♣J♣	400

Scoring

Players score points for specific card combinations (melds) shown during the melding phase. Each combination has a set point value. So, how many points to win? Well, the target score to win is usually 150 or 500 points, depending on the game variation.

Players win points based on the tricks they win during the trick-taking phase. The player or team with the most points at the end wins the game.

Pinochle Variants

The game features a few variants for a different number of players. The most commonly played pinochle variation is the partnership pinochle game, where four players play in teams of two. Similarly, a two-handed variation is for two players, and a three-handed is for three individual players. Take a look at some of the popular pinochle variants:

Two-Handed Pinochle

The two-handed pinochle game is the original version of this classic game from which partnership, auction, and other variants have been derived. This game is closely related to the original Bezique game, with a difference in the scoring rules.

The two-handed game is played between two players where 12 cards are dealt to each player in sets of four, and the remaining 24 cards form a stockpile. After winning each trick from the first 12 tricks, the players score one meld and can even use melded cards to win tricks. Traditional trick-taking rules are used for the last 12 tricks.

There are further variations even in the two-handed play, where no cards are dealt initially, and the players must draw the top card of the widow from the face-down deck.

Cutthroat Pinochle

Cutthroat pinochle is similar to the three-handed pinochle variation with a simple modification. It is a 3-player game where players play individually rather than in teams. In this variation, each player is dealt 15 cards in sets of 3 cards, and after the first round of three cards, the fourth set is placed face-down, forming a widow.

The object of each deal is for the highest bidder to make the exact same points and for the other two players to prevent the highest bidder from making the points. The highest bidder gets the widow, melds cards, and discards any 3 of the un-melded cards. The play proceeds based on the melding and trick-taking rules of the classic pinochle game.

Partnership Pinochle

A partnership pinochle game is played between four players in two partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other. The cards are dealt in sets of three cards over four rounds, and the team objective is to score 100 or more points over as many deals as necessary. Similar to cutthroat, the points are scored for making melds and tricks.

The partnerships make a bid with the minimum point score they will make with the trump suit they choose. The basic partnership game has witnessed immense popularity by double-deck pinochle, where the 9s are removed from the pinochle decks to make it an 80-card deck. The minimum bid is 50 in this variant, and winning the last trick gives two bonus points. The gameplay and rules of the partnership pinochle game have been discussed throughout this blog.

Also Read: Understanding the Basics of Slapjack

Check Pinochle

Check Pinochle is a gambling variant of the cutthroat game. The rules are quite similar to that of cutthroat pinochle, with the addition that players keep track of checks. In essence, checks are specialty points that correspond to the cash value, which the players determine before the game starts. In the check variation, the players win checks in the following ways:

In every trick won, an ace is 1 check.
Having a trump Run in the melding phase is equal to 1 check.
A roundtable or a marriage in each suit during the melding phase is equal to 2 checks.
A double marriage in the same suit during the melding phase is equal to 1 check.
A double pinochle during the melding phase is equal to 1 check.
Having seven 9s during the melding phase is equal to 5 checks.
Double aces, double kings, double queens, or double jacks during the melding phase equal to 2 checks.
Playing a hand and losing equals a loss of 1 check.
Winning the game equals 5 checks.

Strategies To Win Pinochle Card Game

Let’s understand the top strategies to help you ace the pinochle game, even when playing online.

Know Your Melds

Understand which cards make up high-value melds and which can give you an edge. To score points, try to form combinations like the marriage (King and Queen of the same suit) and Pinochle (Queen of Spades and Jack of Diamonds).

Bid Wisely

Don’t bid too high, as it can lead to a risky game. Assess your hand carefully and bid based on the strength of your cards and potential melds. A smart bid sets realistic goals for winning the trick and achieving your meld points.

Communicate with Your Partner

Use signals and bids to subtly communicate the strength and nature of your hand to your partner. This helps in planningyour strategies and making informed decisions during the play.

Control the Trump Card

If you win the bid, choose the trump suit wisely. A strong trump suit gives you control over the game, allows you to win more tricks, and potentially set up powerful melds.

Play Defensively

Pay attention to the cards your opponents play and adjust your strategy to block their potential melds. Try to discard or play cards that limit their chances of scoring high while maintaining your own scoring opportunities.

Also Read: Spider Solitaire 4 Suits

FAQs

Is Pinochle a hard game to learn?

Pinochle is an easy card game to learn and play. It takes only a few minutes to learn the basic rules of pinochle. You need to learn the card values and different melds to start playing the game.

Can you play Pinochle with 2 players?

Yes, indeed! The original version of the Pinochle card is played between two players. The card ranking and rules in a two-handed game may differ slightly, but the game is played similarly to a four-player or three-player pinochle.

Is Pinochle similar to Spades?

Pinochle is similar to Spades, only in the context of trick-taking and bidding. However, Spades doesn’t include melding cards, and the decks used are also different.

What two cards are Pinochle?

In Pinochle, the two cards that make up the Pinochle meld are the Queen of Spades and the Jack of Diamonds. This combination is worth 40 points when melded together.

Everything You Must Know About The Pinochle Card Game